Use of Yes/No Boolean Data Type

Contains one of two possible values, such as Yes/No or True/False.

Use of Calculated Data Type

For the result of a calculation produced from another field in the record.

Creates a list of values that can be selected and entered into fields.

Use of OBL Object Data Type

Object linking and embedding, such as a word-processed document or spreadsheet.

Use of Hyperlink Data Type

A link to a web address (URL) or an email address.

Use of Attachment Data Type

Files attached to a record, such as a digital image.

Definition of Validation

Validation is the automatic checking of data when it is entered into a computer system.

Garbage In, Garbage Out (GIGO)

If you put data into your database with mistakes and errors, the results you get back will contain lots of mistakes and errors.

Purpose of Validation Techniques

Validation techniques reduce the number of errors in the data being entered by checking the data against a set of validation rules.

Ensures data entered conforms to a certain type of character, such as Number, Text, Date/Time, or Boolean.

Examples of Data Type Check

- No text in a number field - Only real dates can be entered - Only Yes or No in a Boolean field

Ensures entered data falls within a specified range, using operators like >, >=, .

Examples of Range Check

- Pupil scores between 0 and 100 - Children aged between 4 and 11 years - Number must fall between a lower and upper limit

Ensures data has been entered into a field, preventing missing data. Often shown by a red asterisk (*).

Requires entered data to have a certain number of characters, such as passwords or phone numbers.

Specifies the exact format data should take, using input masks. Example: postcode format LL00 0LL.

A method to ensure a lengthy list of numbers is entered correctly, often used with barcodes or ISBN numbers.

0 to 9 only can be entered. Data entry is required.

0 to 9 can be entered or SPACE. Data entry is NOT required.

0 to 9 accepted, SPACE accepted. Data entry is NOT required.

A-Z accepted. Data entry required.

A-Z or 0-9 accepted. Data entry NOT required.

A-Z or 0-9 accepted. Data entry required.

A-Z or 0-9 accepted. Data entry NOT required.

All characters following this symbol will be converted to lower case.

All characters following this symbol will be converted to upper case.

Definition of a Database

A database is a collection of related or structured information held on a computer (e.g., doctor’s records, school roll, etc.).

Example of Database Use

Larne Grammar School has a database that contains data about pupils, attendance, subjects, and assessment marks.

Data is repeated or duplicated unnecessarily, which increases the size of the database and decreases data integrity. Reduced in a Relational DB.

The accuracy and consistency of data stored in the database. Improves in a Relational DB.

Flat File Database Issue

A flat file database can lead to problems with data redundancy and reduced data integrity.

Data Redundancy in Flat File Database

The table illustrates data redundancy, where the same data is entered repeatedly, leading to potential errors.

A Diagram showing the data tables in 3NF and the links between them

The diagram illustrates how data from a flat file database can be effectively represented in a relational database format.

Definition of a relational database

A relational database contains more than one table and the tables are linked through common fields. Each table contains all the data about an individual person, place, or thing.

Advantages of relational databases

- Data redundancy is reduced, preventing unnecessary repetition. - Data integrity is greater, ensuring data is more likely to be correct and reliable. - Queries and reports can be created using more than one table.

Benefit of using relational format for Tanya Travels website details

Details only need to be entered once into the database, helping preserve data integrity.

How relational databases handle Project and Employee details

Project and Employee details are entered once into their respective tables, reducing data redundancy.

Storage of ProjectEmployee details in relational databases

ProjectEmployee details can store the hours worked by each employee on each project, with Employee and Project details stored separately.

Definition of a Table

A table is the name for each group of similar data with rows for each entity and columns for each attribute.

Definition of a Record

A record is a collection of data items, which may be of different data types, all relating to the individual or object that the record describes, e.g., an athlete or an event.

Definition of a Field

A field is part of a record designed to hold a single data item, of a specified type. For example, all records in an Athlete table have field names: AthleteID, Surname, Forename, and Team.

A key field uniquely identifies the record. Examples include a car registration number.

When the primary key from one table appears as a field in a second table, it is known as a Foreign Key of the second table.

Composite Primary Key

A composite primary key is a key made up of more than one field.

Year 12 Database Flash Cards Flashcards

Student preview

100 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Definition of Data Dictionary

Back

Contains details of the field headings and data types in a database.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Definition of Data Type

Back

A formal description of the kind of data being stored or manipulated within a program or system, such as alphanumeric data, numerical data, or logical data.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Use of Text (or String) or Alphanumeric Data Type

Back

Text and data that is a mixture of text and numbers, such as a postcode.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Use of Number Data Type

Back

Numeric data that requires a mathematical calculation, such as integers or real numbers.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Use of Date/Time Data Type

Back

Dates and times, allowing addition and subtraction of dates.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Use of Currency Data Type

Back

Monetary data such as item price, including two decimal places.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Use of Autonumber Data Type

Back

Generates sequential numbers automatically for each new record created.

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