Genetics Terminology

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DNA

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An organism’s genetic material.

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Nucleotide

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A molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

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Replication

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The process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule.

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RNA (riboneucleic acid)

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A type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

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Transcription

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The process of making RNA from DNA.

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Translation

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The process of making a protein from RNA.

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Mutation

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A permanent change in the sequence of DNA.