Proteins are macromolecules that build cellular and organism structures and send chemical signals/messages.

What is an amino acid?

An amino acid is a monomer of proteins.

What is a polypeptide?

A polypeptide is a polymer of proteins.

Lipids are macromolecules that store energy, provide insulation, and protection.

What is a nucleic acid?

Nucleic acids are macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information (DNA, RNA).

Metabolism is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.

An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions and therefore lowers pH.

A base is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions and therefore raises pH.

pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism.

What are the essential elements that make up all organisms?

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P).

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.

Glucose is a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms.

Cellulose is a polysaccharide that is used to build cell walls in plants.

Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animals.

Fructose is a simple sugar found in many plants.

What is a phospholipid?

A phospholipid is a lipid that is a major component of cell membranes.

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a nucleic acid that is a single strand composed of phosphate, ribose, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine).

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a nucleic acid that is a double helix composed of phosphate, deoxyribose, and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine).

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is a molecule that carries energy within cells.

An enzyme is a protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

What is activation energy?

Activation energy is the energy required to start a chemical reaction.

Reactants are substances that start a chemical reaction.

Products are substances that are produced in a chemical reaction.

What does it mean to denature a protein?

To denature a protein means to alter its structure, which can affect its function.

How does temperature affect enzyme function?

Temperature can affect enzyme function by altering the enzyme's structure, potentially denaturing it.

How does pH affect enzyme function?

pH can affect enzyme function by altering the enzyme's structure, potentially denaturing it.

A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added.

A substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

What is an active site?

An active site is the region on an enzyme where the substrate binds.

What is an enzyme-substrate complex?

An enzyme-substrate complex is a temporary molecule formed when an enzyme comes into contact with its substrate.

What is specificity in enzyme function?

Specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to select and catalyze a specific substrate. The shape of the active site determines which molecules it works on.

What is the relationship between enzyme structure and function?

The structure of an enzyme determines its function; changes in structure can alter function.

Biochemistry Vocabulary and Concepts Flashcards

Student preview

40 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is an organic molecule?

Back

An organic molecule is a compound that contains carbon plus hydrogen and is found in living things.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is an inorganic molecule?

Back

An inorganic molecule is a compound that does not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a monomer?

Back

A monomer is a subunit of larger molecules called polymers.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a polymer?

Back

A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating subunits called monomers.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a carbohydrate?

Back

Carbohydrates are macromolecules that provide quick energy in organisms and can be used in the formation of cell walls.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a monosaccharide?

Back

A monosaccharide is a monomer of carbohydrates.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a polysaccharide?

Back

A polysaccharide is a polymer of carbohydrates.

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