U6.L3-Karyotypes

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What is a karyotype?

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A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, arranged in pairs and organized by size and shape.

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What is nondisjunction?

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Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes in the daughter cells.

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What are trisomy conditions?

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Trisomy conditions occur when an individual has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the usual two.

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What are monosomy conditions?

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Monosomy conditions occur when an individual has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the usual two.

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What is Down's syndrome?

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Down's syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome, leading to developmental and physical challenges.

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What is Klinefelter's Syndrome?

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Klinefelter's Syndrome is a genetic condition in males characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome, resulting in the karyotype 47XXY.

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How can you determine the sex of an individual from a karyotype?

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The sex of an individual can be determined by the presence of sex chromosomes: XX indicates female and XY indicates male.

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What is the significance of the 21st chromosome in Down's syndrome?

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The 21st chromosome is significant in Down's syndrome because its extra copy leads to the symptoms and characteristics associated with the condition.

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What does the notation 45XO represent?

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The notation 45XO represents Turner syndrome, a condition in females where one X chromosome is missing.

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What are additional sex chromosomes?

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Additional sex chromosomes refer to extra X or Y chromosomes that can lead to conditions such as Klinefelter's syndrome or Triple X syndrome.