Hypothesis Tests

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What is a null hypothesis?

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A null hypothesis is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

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What is an alternative hypothesis?

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An alternative hypothesis is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

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What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?

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Rejecting the null hypothesis means that there is sufficient evidence from the sample data to support the alternative hypothesis.

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What is a significance level (alpha)?

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The significance level (alpha) is the threshold for determining whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05 or 0.10.

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What is a p-value?

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A p-value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

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What does a small p-value indicate?

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A small p-value indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, suggesting it may be rejected.

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What distribution is used for hypothesis tests about population proportions?

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The z-distribution is used for hypothesis tests about population proportions.

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What is a test statistic?

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A test statistic is a standardized value that is calculated from sample data during a hypothesis test.

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What does it mean if the p-value is less than the significance level?

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If the p-value is less than the significance level, it indicates that the null hypothesis should be rejected.

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What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?

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The purpose of hypothesis testing is to make inferences about population parameters based on sample data.