AP_ Unit 5_ Meiosis & Genetics_ MEIOSIS

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What is Meiosis?

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes (sperm or eggs). It consists of two rounds of division: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

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What is Nondisjunction?

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, leading to gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

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What is Independent Assortment?

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Independent assortment is the process during meiosis where different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop, contributing to genetic variation.

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What happens during Prophase I of Meiosis?

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During Prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over, leading to genetic recombination.

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What is the significance of Metaphase I in Meiosis?

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In Metaphase I, homologous chromosome pairs align at the cell's equatorial plane, which is crucial for the independent assortment of chromosomes.

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What is the outcome of Meiosis?

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The outcome of meiosis is four haploid cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell, contributing to genetic diversity.

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What is the difference between Meiosis I and Meiosis II?

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Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, while Meiosis II separates sister chromatids, similar to mitosis.

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What occurs during Anaphase I?

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During Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell, reducing the chromosome number by half.

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What is Telophase I?

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Telophase I is the stage where the cell divides into two daughter cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes, which may or may not decondense.

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What is the role of crossing over in Meiosis?

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Crossing over during Prophase I allows for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic variation.