DNA, RNA & Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix made up of two strands of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What is the role of RNA in protein synthesis?

Back

RNA serves as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that assembles amino acids into proteins based on the sequence of mRNA.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase?

Back

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase?

Back

RNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.