A.P. Bio Semester 1 Exam

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is diffusion?

Back

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, occurring until equilibrium is reached.

Front

What distinguishes osmosis from diffusion?

Back

Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water, while diffusion refers to the movement of any type of molecules.

Front

What are prokaryotes?

Back

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack membrane-bound organelles and have a simple cell structure, often with a cell wall.

Front

What are eukaryotes?

Back

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, including plants, animals, and fungi.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process.

Front

What factors affect enzyme activity?

Back

Enzyme activity can be affected by temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and the presence of inhibitors or activators.

Front

What is the significance of pH for enzymes?

Back

Each enzyme has an optimal pH at which it functions best; deviations from this pH can reduce enzyme activity.

Front

What is simple diffusion?

Back

Simple diffusion is the passive movement of molecules across a membrane without the need for energy or specific carrier proteins.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is the process of transporting molecules across a membrane via specific carrier proteins, without the use of energy.