1st Semester FINAL EXAM

Front

What type of RNA carries the DNA message out of the nucleus to the ribosomes?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is responsible for carrying the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the process of moving molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, against the concentration gradient, using energy.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is a denatured protein?

Back

A denatured protein is a protein that has lost its three-dimensional structure and, as a result, its functionality due to external stressors such as heat or pH changes.

Front

How can a protein be defined?

Back

A protein can be defined as a polymer made up of one or more polypeptide chains, which are themselves composed of amino acids.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Back

Passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Front

What is diffusion?

Back

Diffusion is the process by which molecules spread from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Front

What is a polypeptide chain?

Back

A polypeptide chain is a sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, which folds into a functional protein.

Front

What factors can denature a protein?

Back

Factors that can denature a protein include extreme temperatures, changes in pH, and exposure to certain chemicals.