Bio I Final Exam

Front

What is the genotype for a pea plant that is heterozygous for round seeds (R) and homozygous recessive for green seeds (y)?

Back

Rryy

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Front

What molecule supplies energy for most chemical reactions in cells?

Back

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) supplies energy for most chemical reactions in cells.

Front

What is the carrying capacity of an environment?

Back

The carrying capacity is the maximum population size of a species that an environment can sustain indefinitely.

Front

What is a centromere?

Back

A centromere is the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined together.

Front

Define genotype.

Back

Genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual, represented by the alleles inherited from the parents.

Front

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

Back

Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles for a trait, while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles.

Front

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP provides the energy needed for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and biosynthesis.

Front

Explain the concept of a population's carrying capacity.

Back

Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support sustainably.

Front

What is the significance of the concentration gradient in transport processes?

Back

The concentration gradient is crucial in determining the direction of movement of substances; substances move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration in passive transport.