AP Chemistry - Final Exam Review S1

Front

What is the empirical formula?

Back

The empirical formula is the simplest whole-number ratio of the elements in a compound.

Front

How do you calculate the empirical formula from percentages?

Back

Convert the percentages to grams, then to moles, and divide by the smallest number of moles to find the ratio.

Front

What is the emission spectrum of hydrogen?

Back

The emission spectrum of hydrogen consists of lines that represent the wavelengths of light emitted when electrons transition between energy levels.

Front

What causes the lines in the hydrogen emission spectrum?

Back

The lines are caused by energy given off in the form of visible light when an electron moves from a higher energy state to a lower energy state.

Front

What is a sigma bond?

Back

A sigma bond is a type of covalent bond formed by the direct overlap of atomic orbitals.

Front

What is a pi bond?

Back

A pi bond is a type of covalent bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals.

Front

How many sigma and pi bonds are in a double bond?

Back

A double bond consists of 1 sigma bond and 1 pi bond.

Front

What is VSEPR theory?

Back

VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory is used to predict the geometry of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs.

Front

What is the shape of a molecule with four bonding pairs and no lone pairs?

Back

The shape is tetrahedral.

Front

What is the shape of a molecule with three bonding pairs and one lone pair?

Back

The shape is trigonal pyramidal.