2024 Biology Fall Final Exam: On-Level

Front

What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

Back

Proteins build and repair cells.

Front

What type of mutation is characterized by the deletion of a nucleotide, causing a shift in the reading frame?

Back

Deletion - Frameshift mutation.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.

Front

In which stage of protein synthesis are amino acids connected to form a protein?

Back

Translation.

Front

Why are frameshift mutations particularly harmful?

Back

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which alters the amino acid sequence.

Front

What are lipids primarily used for in biological systems?

Back

Lipids are primarily used for long-term energy storage and making up cell membranes.

Front

What is the role of nucleic acids in cells?

Back

Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is the process of passive transport of molecules across a cell membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.

Front

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Back

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, while osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Front

What is the function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Back

Carbohydrates provide energy and serve as structural components in cells.