Protein Synthesis

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

Where does transcription occur?

Back

In the nucleus, where DNA is located.

Front

What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Back

A single-stranded RNA molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?

Back

tRNA brings corresponding amino acids to the ribosome, matching them with the codons on the mRNA.

Front

What is a gene mutation?

Back

A change in the base sequence of DNA that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying DNA to mRNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from the DNA template during transcription.