PCS 2 Flashcards

Front

Two's complement - Maximum and minimum values

Back

Two's complement is a method for representing signed integers in binary form. The maximum value is represented by all 1s except the sign bit, and the minimum value is represented by a 1 followed by all 0s.

Front

Adding with binary patterns in two’s complement is the same as adding any other binary pattern, including those that represent unsigned numbers.

Back

Two’s complement addition follows the same rules as unsigned binary addition.

Front

Logical left shifting is a bitwise operation that operates on each bit in a pattern, one at a time.

Back

This operation shifts bits to the left.

Front

In logical left shifting, the most significant bit (MSB) is shifted left, out of the pattern.

Back

The MSB is lost in the process.

Front

MSB stands for most significant bit.

Back

It is the leftmost bit in a binary number.

Front

LSB stands for least significant bit.

Back

It is the rightmost bit in a binary number.

Front

Logical right shifting involves shifting the LSB right, out of the pattern.

Back

A 0 is always inserted into the vacated MSB, effectively dividing by 2.

Front

Effect of logical right shifting on precision

Back

Logical right shifting causes a loss of precision because fractional parts are lost.

Front

Example of logical right shifting

Back

23 divided by 2 should be 11.5, but only 11 is represented due to integer limitation.

Front

Impact of multiple right shifts

Back

The more right shifts you perform, the more precision you may lose.