Final Exam Semester 1

Front

What is diffusion?

Back

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into proteins according to the sequence of the mRNA.

Front

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

Back

The main purpose of cellular respiration is to produce energy (ATP) for cellular activities.

Front

What is ATP?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy molecule used by cells to power various biological processes.

Front

What phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

Back

Metaphase is the phase of mitosis where chromosomes align at the cell's equator.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Front

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

Back

Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves molecules along their concentration gradient.

Front

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?

Back

The three main stages of cellular respiration are Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain.

Front

What is the significance of the ribosome in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into polypeptide chains.