Semester 1 Review '24

Front

What is a phosphate in the context of DNA?

Back

A phosphate is a component of the DNA backbone, linking the sugar molecules together and forming the structural framework of the DNA molecule.

Front

How many chromosomes do daughter cells have after meiosis if the parent cell has 40 chromosomes?

Back

Each daughter cell will have 20 chromosomes after meiosis, as meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half.

Front

What is the complementary DNA strand for the sequence CGATCCATGA?

Back

The complementary DNA strand is GCTAGGTACT.

Front

What is the result of crossing over during meiosis?

Back

Crossing over results in genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Front

What enzyme breaks down chitin?

Back

Chitinase is the enzyme that breaks down chitin, allowing predators to digest insects.

Front

Define a nucleotide.

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen base.

Front

What is the role of nitrogen bases in DNA?

Back

Nitrogen bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) pair with each other to form the rungs of the DNA ladder, encoding genetic information.

Front

Explain the process of meiosis.

Back

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four genetically diverse gametes.

Front

What is genetic diversity and why is it important?

Back

Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species, which is crucial for adaptation and survival in changing environments.

Front

What is the significance of the sugar in a nucleotide?

Back

The sugar in a nucleotide (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA) forms the backbone of the nucleic acid structure.