Semester 1 Exam REG

Front

What is endocytosis?

Back

Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf external substances, allowing them to enter the cell. This is crucial for immune cells like macrophages to ingest bacteria.

Front

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related in plant cells?

Back

The glucose produced by photosynthesis is used for energy and cellular respiration.

Front

What are centrioles and their function in animal cells?

Back

Centrioles are cell organelles made of microtubules, found in pairs, and are important for forming the spindle apparatus during cell division.

Front

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

Back

A phospholipid has a hydrophilic (water-attracting) phosphate head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) fatty acid tails.

Front

Which metabolic process produces the most ATP?

Back

The process that forms the greatest number of ATP molecules is typically aerobic respiration.

Front

Define lysosomes and their function in macrophages.

Back

Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes to digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris, crucial for macrophages to destroy engulfed bacteria.

Front

What is the role of glucose in cellular respiration?

Back

Glucose is the primary energy source that is broken down during cellular respiration to produce ATP.

Front

Explain the significance of the spindle apparatus in cell division.

Back

The spindle apparatus is essential for separating chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis, ensuring proper distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.

Front

What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

Back

Endocytosis is the process of taking substances into the cell, while exocytosis is the process of expelling substances from the cell.

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and structural support.