AP Biology - Cellular Respiration

Front

What is ATP and why is it significant in cellular respiration?

Back

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells. It is significant because it stores and provides energy for various cellular processes through the breaking of its high-energy phosphate bonds.

Front

What is the difference in ATP yield between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

Back

Anaerobic respiration yields about 2 ATP per glucose, while aerobic respiration yields about 38 ATP per glucose.

Front

What is glycolysis and where does it occur?

Back

Glycolysis is the first step in cellular respiration that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, occurring in the cytoplasm.

Front

What is the role of pyruvate in cellular respiration?

Back

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and is converted into acetyl CoA, which enters the mitochondria for further processing in aerobic respiration.

Front

Define cellular respiration.

Back

Cellular respiration is the catabolic process by which glucose is broken down to transfer energy to ATP.

Front

What are the main stages of cellular respiration?

Back

The main stages are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis).

Front

What is the function of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?

Back

NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that transport electrons to the electron transport chain, facilitating ATP production.

Front

Explain the significance of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.

Back

The electron transport chain is crucial for ATP production, as it uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

Front

What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

Back

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing for the production of water and enabling the continuation of the process.

Front

What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

Back

Substrate-level phosphorylation is a direct method of generating ATP by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.