Cladograms

Front

What is a cladogram?

Back

A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Front

What is the purpose of a cladogram?

Back

To map the ancestral relationships and shared traits of different organisms.

Front

What does a node represent in a cladogram?

Back

A point where a branch splits, indicating a common ancestor shared by the descendant groups.

Front

What is a common ancestor?

Back

An ancestral species from which two or more species have evolved.

Front

How do you read a cladogram?

Back

Start from the base and move up to understand the relationships; closely related species are found near each other.

Front

What is the significance of shared traits in cladograms?

Back

Shared traits help to determine the evolutionary relationships and lineage of organisms.

Front

What is the difference between homologous and analogous traits?

Back

Homologous traits are inherited from a common ancestor, while analogous traits arise independently due to similar environmental pressures.

Front

What is a derived trait?

Back

A trait that is present in an organism but was absent in the last common ancestor of the group being considered.

Front

What is the last common ancestor of organisms 2 and 3 in a cladogram?

Back

The most recent node from which both organisms diverged.

Front

Which group of animals are most closely related to birds?

Back

Saurischian dinosaurs.