Radioactivity; Typer of Particles and Nuclear Equations

Front

What are alpha particles?

Back

Alpha particles are positively charged particles made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. They are emitted during alpha decay and have low penetrating power, being stopped by a sheet of paper.

Front

What are beta particles?

Back

Beta particles are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons emitted during beta decay. They have greater penetrating power than alpha particles but can be stopped by a few millimeters of plastic or glass.

Front

What is gamma radiation?

Back

Gamma radiation consists of high-energy photons emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay. It has the highest penetrating power and can only be stopped by thick lead or several centimeters of concrete.

Front

What is radioactive decay?

Back

Radioactive decay is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation, resulting in the transformation of the element into a different element or isotope.

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What is nuclear fission?

Back

Nuclear fission is the process of splitting a heavy nucleus into smaller, lighter nuclei, accompanied by the release of a significant amount of energy.

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What is nuclear fusion?

Back

Nuclear fusion is the process where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy in the process. It powers stars, including the sun.

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What is a nuclear equation?

Back

A nuclear equation represents a nuclear reaction, showing the initial and final nuclei and any emitted particles. It must be balanced in terms of mass and charge.

Front

How do you balance a nuclear equation?

Back

To balance a nuclear equation, ensure that the total mass number and total atomic number are the same on both sides of the equation.

Front

What is the penetrating power of alpha particles?

Back

Alpha particles have low penetrating power and can be stopped by a sheet of paper or the outer layer of human skin.

Front

What is the penetrating power of beta particles?

Back

Beta particles have moderate penetrating power and can penetrate paper but are stopped by a few millimeters of plastic or glass.