Correlation vs. Causation

Flashcard
•
Mathematics
•
9th Grade
•
Hard
+5
Standards-aligned
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15 questions
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1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is correlation?
Back
Correlation refers to a statistical relationship between two variables, where changes in one variable are associated with changes in another. However, correlation does not imply that one variable causes the other to change.
Tags
CCSS.HSS.ID.C.9
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is causation?
Back
Causation indicates that one event is the result of the occurrence of another event. In other words, a change in one variable directly causes a change in another.
Tags
CCSS.RI.8.3
CCSS.RI.7.3
CCSS.RI.6.3
CCSS.RI.5.3
CCSS.RI.4.3
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Example of correlation: Ice cream sales and temperature.
Back
As temperature increases, ice cream sales also increase. This is a correlation, but it does not mean that higher temperatures cause more ice cream to be sold.
Tags
CCSS.HSS.ID.C.9
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Example of causation: Rain causes the ground to be wet.
Back
When it rains, the ground becomes wet. This is a clear cause-and-effect relationship.
Tags
CCSS.RI.8.3
CCSS.RI.7.3
CCSS.RI.6.3
CCSS.RI.5.3
CCSS.RI.4.3
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What does a correlation coefficient of r = 1 indicate?
Back
A correlation coefficient of r = 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases in a perfectly linear manner.
Tags
CCSS.HSS.ID.B.5
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What does a correlation coefficient of r = -1 indicate?
Back
A correlation coefficient of r = -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases in a perfectly linear manner.
Tags
CCSS.HSS.ID.B.5
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What does a correlation coefficient of r = 0 indicate?
Back
A correlation coefficient of r = 0 indicates no correlation between the two variables, meaning that changes in one variable do not predict changes in the other.
Tags
CCSS.HSS.ID.B.5
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