Q2:HW#7: 7.2 Cell Structure

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What are eukaryotes?

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Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes. They are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotes and include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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What are prokaryotes?

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Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. They are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotes, with bacteria being the most common example.

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What is the Golgi apparatus?

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The Golgi apparatus is an organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage or secretion.

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What is the function of ribosomes?

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Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

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What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that plays a key role in the synthesis of proteins and lipids. It comes in two forms: rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER (without ribosomes).

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What are lysosomes?

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Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

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What is the cell membrane?

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The cell membrane is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all cells from the outside environment. It is selectively permeable, allowing certain substances to enter or exit the cell.

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What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

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Vacuoles are large, membrane-bound sacs within plant cells that store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure.

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What is the difference between plant and animal cells?

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Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and large central vacuoles, while animal cells do not have these structures.

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What is the cytoplasm?

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Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance within a cell that contains organelles and is the site of many metabolic processes.