AP Biology: Unit 2 Review

Front

What is the primary function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)?

Back

Rough ER compartmentalizes the cell and is involved in protein synthesis due to the presence of ribosomes.

Front

What is the primary function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)?

Back

Smooth ER functions in detoxification and lipid synthesis.

Front

What is the role of vacuoles in plant cells?

Back

Vacuoles are responsible for storage and release of macromolecules and cellular waste products, and they aid in maintaining turgor pressure in plants.

Front

How does cell size affect the surface area to volume (SA:V) ratio?

Back

As cells increase in size, the SA:V ratio decreases.

Front

Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Back

The light-dependent reactions occur in the grana/thylakoid membrane.

Front

What are membrane-bound proteins characterized by?

Back

Membrane-bound proteins have hydrophilic R groups on the exterior (facing the cell) and hydrophobic R groups on the interior (embedded in the membrane).

Front

What is the function of lysosomes?

Back

Lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

What is the significance of the SA:V ratio in cells?

Back

A higher SA:V ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Front

What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they produce ATP through cellular respiration.