Semester 1 Biology Final 2024

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, specifically: DNA determines mRNA, which determines the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Front

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What three elements are found in all four macromolecules?

Back

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are found in all four macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Front

What macromolecule is primarily responsible for forming cell membranes?

Back

Lipids are the macromolecules that include oils and make up cell membranes.

Front

How does age relate to the likelihood of developing mutations?

Back

As individuals age, DNA replication errors accumulate over time, increasing the likelihood of mutations.

Front

What are the four main types of macromolecules?

Back

The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What is the primary function of proteins in the body?

Back

Proteins serve various functions including structural support, transport, enzymes, and signaling.

Front

What are nucleic acids and their primary function?

Back

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, store and transmit genetic information.