Semicolons, colons, commas, and em-dash

Front

What is a semicolon used for?

Back

A semicolon is used to connect closely related independent clauses or to separate items in a complex list.

Front

Provide an example of a semicolon in a sentence.

Back

Example: I have a big test tomorrow; I can't go out tonight.

Front

What is a colon used for?

Back

A colon is used to introduce a list, a quote, or an explanation.

Front

Provide an example of a colon in a sentence.

Back

Example: You will need the following items: a flashlight, a tent, and sleeping bags.

Front

What is a comma used for?

Back

A comma is used to separate items in a list, to set off introductory elements, or to separate independent clauses when used with a conjunction.

Front

Provide an example of a comma in a sentence.

Back

Example: Before we leave, we need to pack our bags.

Front

What is an em-dash used for?

Back

An em-dash is used to create a strong break in a sentence, often to set off additional information or an explanation.

Front

Provide an example of an em-dash in a sentence.

Back

Example: She was going to the store—if she could find her keys.

Front

When should you use a semicolon instead of a comma?

Back

Use a semicolon to connect two independent clauses that are closely related in thought without a conjunction.

Front

When is it appropriate to use a colon?

Back

Use a colon before a list, a quote, or to emphasize a conclusion.