inductive vs. deductive reasoning

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What is deductive reasoning?

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Deductive reasoning is a logical process where a conclusion is drawn from a set of premises or facts. If the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true.

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What is inductive reasoning?

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Inductive reasoning is a logical process where generalizations are made based on specific observations or examples. It involves drawing conclusions that may not be guaranteed to be true.

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Example of deductive reasoning: All mammals have lungs. A cat is a mammal. What can we conclude?

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We can conclude that a cat has lungs.

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Example of inductive reasoning: Every time I see a swan, it is white. What can I conclude?

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I might conclude that all swans are white, although this may not be true.

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What is a premise in deductive reasoning?

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A premise is a statement or proposition that provides the foundation for a conclusion in deductive reasoning.

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What is a conclusion in inductive reasoning?

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A conclusion in inductive reasoning is a general statement that is derived from specific instances or observations.

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Identify the reasoning: 'If it rains, the ground will be wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet.'

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This is an example of deductive reasoning.

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Identify the reasoning: 'I have seen five dogs that are all brown. Therefore, all dogs must be brown.'

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This is an example of inductive reasoning.

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What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?

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Inductive reasoning makes generalizations based on specific examples, while deductive reasoning draws specific conclusions from general principles.

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Can inductive reasoning lead to false conclusions?

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Yes, inductive reasoning can lead to false conclusions because it is based on observations that may not represent all cases.