Cell Cycle Flashcard-21

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What role does DNA polymerase play in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain during DNA replication.

Front

What is the correct order of DNA replication?

Back

The correct order is: 1. Cell grows, 2. DNA replicates, 3. Cell prepares for mitosis, 4. Cell divides.

Front

What phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?

Back

Anaphase is the phase where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

Front

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the S phase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in the duplication of the genetic material.

Front

Define the term 'cell cycle'.

Back

The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and replication, consisting of interphase and the mitotic phase.

Front

What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?

Back

Helicase is an enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix, separating the two strands to allow replication.

Front

What occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the G1 phase, the cell grows and carries out normal functions while preparing for DNA synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of the G2 phase?

Back

The G2 phase is the final stage of interphase where the cell prepares for mitosis, ensuring all DNA is replicated and the cell is ready to divide.

Front

What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, sealing nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone.