Semester Exam

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the process by which cells move substances against their concentration gradient, using energy (ATP) to transport molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

Front

What is a negative feedback loop?

Back

A negative feedback loop is a biological mechanism in which a change in a physiological variable triggers a response that counteracts the initial change, helping to maintain homeostasis.

Front

What is an autotroph?

Back

An autotroph is an organism that produces its own food from inorganic substances, typically through photosynthesis (e.g., plants) or chemosynthesis.

Front

What is exocytosis?

Back

Exocytosis is the process by which a cell expels materials in vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane, releasing their contents outside the cell.

Front

What organelles are exclusive to plant cells?

Back

Chloroplasts and cell walls are organelles exclusive to plant cells, providing them with the ability to perform photosynthesis and structural support.

Front

What is diffusion?

Back

Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is the role of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular activities.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Back

Passive transport does not require energy and moves substances along their concentration gradient, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.