Bio Final Review

Front

What is a protein?

Back

A protein is a large biomolecule made up of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, replicating DNA, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules.

Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

An amino acid is a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (–COOH) and an amino (–NH2) group. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Front

Why can glucose pass through a cell membrane while starch cannot?

Back

Glucose is smaller than starch, allowing it to pass through the cell membrane more easily.

Front

What determines the function of a protein?

Back

The function of a protein is determined by its shape and the order of its amino acid subunits.

Front

What organelles are found in both plant and animal cells?

Back

Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum.

Front

What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

Front

What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

Back

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will shrink due to the loss of water.

Front

What is the difference between a carbohydrate and a protein?

Back

Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1, while proteins are made of amino acids and perform various functions in the body.

Front

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Back

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.