Industrial Revolution Flashcard 3.7

Front

What was one of the main motivations for workers to demand changes in factory life during the Industrial Revolution?

Back

Wanting to be paid based on individual productivity rather than flat wages

Answer explanation

One of the main motivations for workers during the Industrial Revolution was the desire to be paid based on individual productivity rather than flat wages, as this would allow for fairer compensation reflecting their efforts.

Front

According to Karl Marx, what negative effect did specialization of labor have on workers?

Back

It led to worker alienation and disconnection from their work

Answer explanation

According to Karl Marx, specialization of labor led to worker alienation, as workers became disconnected from the overall product and process, reducing their sense of fulfillment and purpose in their work.

Front

What did Karl Marx predict would happen as nations continued to industrialize?

Back

The working class would continue to be exploited by capitalists.

Answer explanation

Karl Marx predicted that as nations industrialized, the working class would face increasing exploitation by capitalists, leading to class struggle and social unrest, rather than satisfaction or a dramatic expansion of the middle class.

Front

How did socialist ideas contrast with those of Adam Smith?

Back

Socialists advocated for worker emancipation, while Smith focused on free markets; Socialists wanted more government control, while Smith wanted less; Socialists promoted equality, while Smith promoted competition.

Answer explanation

Socialist ideas contrast with Adam Smith's in advocating for worker emancipation, promoting government control, and emphasizing equality over competition. Therefore, all the provided statements accurately reflect these differences.

Front

What is the main idea behind laissez-faire economics?

Back

Businesses should be allowed to operate with minimal government interference

Answer explanation

The main idea of laissez-faire economics is that businesses should operate with minimal government interference, allowing free market forces to dictate economic outcomes.

Front

What is the primary goal of collective bargaining?

Back

To negotiate better working conditions and compensation for employees

Answer explanation

The primary goal of collective bargaining is to negotiate better working conditions and compensation for employees, ensuring their rights and needs are addressed in the workplace.

Front

What was a key difference between communist and capitalist beliefs about social conditions?

Back

Communists believed in equality of outcomes, while capitalists focused on equality of opportunity.

Answer explanation

The key difference lies in their views on equality: communists advocate for equality of outcomes, ensuring everyone has the same results, while capitalists emphasize equality of opportunity, allowing individuals to compete for success.

Front

Which of the following was NOT a major factor in England's early industrial success? Abundance of coal and iron resources, Strong naval power and colonial empire, Advanced agricultural techniques, Large desert regions for solar power

Back

Large desert regions for solar power

Answer explanation

The large desert regions for solar power were not a factor in England's early industrial success, as England's industrial growth relied on coal, iron, naval power, and agricultural advancements, not solar energy.

Front

What was the significance of the "putting-out" system in the early stages of industrialization?

Back

It allowed work to be done in homes, bridging domestic and industrial production.

Answer explanation

The "putting-out" system was significant as it allowed work to be done in homes, effectively bridging domestic and industrial production. This system facilitated the transition to more organized industrial methods.

Front

What role did child labor play in early industrialization?

Back

Child workers were highly valued for their small size and low wages.

Answer explanation

Child labor was crucial during early industrialization as children were valued for their small size, which allowed them to perform tasks in tight spaces, and their low wages made them an attractive labor source for factories.