Protein Synthesis & Mutations

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What are the main steps of protein synthesis?

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1. Transcription: DNA is transcribed to mRNA. 2. Translation: mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain of amino acids.

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What is a mutation?

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A type of mutation where one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another.

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What is an insertion mutation?

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A mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are added into the DNA sequence.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A mutation where one or more nucleotide bases are removed from the DNA sequence.

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What is translocation in genetics?

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A mutation where a segment of DNA is moved from one location to another within the genome.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

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What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

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tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the mRNA codons.

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What is a codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.