Macromolecules, enzymes and properties of water

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What are macromolecules?

Back

Large, complex molecules that are essential for life, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Back

To provide energy and structural support in cells.

Front

What is an enzyme?

Back

A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.

Front

What does it mean for an enzyme to be saturated with substrate?

Back

It means that all active sites of the enzyme molecules are occupied by substrate, and adding more substrate will not increase the reaction rate.

Front

What is specificity in relation to enzymes?

Back

The concept that each enzyme only catalyzes a specific reaction for a particular substrate.

Front

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

Back

Because it has a partial positive charge on one side (hydrogens) and a partial negative charge on the other side (oxygen), leading to unique properties.

Front

What is the significance of water's high specific heat?

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It allows water to absorb and retain heat, helping to regulate temperature in organisms and environments.

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How does ice float on water?

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Ice is less dense than liquid water, which is why it floats.

Front

What is denaturation in enzymes?

Back

The process by which an enzyme loses its shape and functionality due to extreme conditions such as temperature or pH.

Front

What role do lipids play in living organisms?

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They serve as long-term energy storage, make up cell membranes, and act as signaling molecules.