Shared Unit 2.4 DNA Review

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What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is a Codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of Ribosomes in Translation?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the synthesis of proteins by reading mRNA sequences and assembling amino acids.

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What is Transcription in the context of DNA?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which carries the genetic information to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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What is the difference between Genotypic and Phenotypic changes?

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Genotypic changes refer to alterations in the genetic makeup (DNA), while phenotypic changes are observable traits or characteristics resulting from the genotype.

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What does it mean when A pairs with U in RNA?

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In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U) during transcription, replacing thymine (T) found in DNA.

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What is the significance of the Start Codon AUG?

Back

The start codon AUG signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid Methionine.

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What is a Stop Codon?

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A stop codon is a nucleotide triplet within mRNA that signals the termination of translation, indicating that the protein synthesis is complete.

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How many amino acids are coded by the mRNA sequence AUGCCAGUAUGA?

Back

The mRNA sequence AUGCCAGUAUGA codes for three amino acids: Methionine (Met), Proline (Pro), and Valine (Val), followed by a stop signal.

Front

What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

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The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, outlining the processes of replication, transcription, and translation.