Sem 1 Review (1.1-1.5, 4, & 5)

Front

The Declaration of Independence states “Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” This was a revolutionary change from the system of British monarchy, which was based on the divine right of kings. For which of the ideals of democracy does this quote provide a foundation?

Back

Popular sovereignty

Answer explanation

“Consent of the governed” sets the foundation for popular sovereignty.

Front

Which of the following features of the United States Constitution would most concern the author of Brutus 1? The Bill of Rights, which protects individual liberties and states’ rights; The reservation of any power not given to the federal government to the states; The two-year term for members of the House of Representatives; The supremacy clause, which gives the federal government supremacy over states

Back

The supremacy clause, which gives the federal government supremacy over states

Answer explanation

In Brutus 1, the author argues that these two clauses, in particular, gave the national government nearly unlimited power

Front

In The Federalist 10, James Madison argued that the new constitution would help control faction by doing which of the following? By creating a large republic, the new constitution made it less likely that a faction could gain enough power to completely dominate.

Back

By creating a large republic, the new constitution made it less likely that a faction could gain enough power to completely dominate.

Answer explanation

Madison argued that a large republic would prevent factions from coordinating and gaining

undue influence.

Front

Brutus was an example of an Anti-Federalist because he believed a centralized government posed a major threat to individual rights.

Back

believed a centralized government posed a major threat to individual rights

Answer explanation

Anti-Federalists believed that a centralized government would harm individual rights, a view which was espoused by Brutus.

Front

Throughout most of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, most African Americans were prevented from voting in many Southern states despite the Fifteenth Amendment, which extended the right to vote to African American males. Southern states were able to take this action because

Back

the framers allowed the individual states to create voting processes and voter qualifications

Answer explanation

The framers left the issue of voter qualifications and process up to the individual states. This allowed the Southern states to circumvent the Fifteenth Amendment.

Front

In 2005, the Utah legislature passed a law that allowed school districts to ignore parts of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), a law passed by Congress in 2001 that supported standards-based education reform. Utah did this despite the fact that it endangered losing $76 million in federal aid to Utah public schools. Which of the following statements best explains why Utah took this action? Educational policy is not mentioned in the Constitution, which has created debate about the proper role for the national government in educational policy.

Back

Educational policy is not mentioned in the Constitution, which has created debate about the proper role for the national government in educational policy.

Answer explanation

Educational policy is not mentioned in the Constitution, which has created debate about the proper role for the national government in educational policy.

Front

Which of the following is the best example of the democratic ideal of limited government? Interest groups lobbying the government to influence legislation on a particular issue, The media covering a confirmation hearing for a potential Supreme Court justice, Citizens voting to elect a new member of the United States Congress, The United States Constitution enumerating specific powers to Congress

Back

The United States Constitution enumerating specific powers to Congress

Front

Which of the following is true about church attendance based on the line graph? Options: About 30% of people surveyed in 2010 rarely or never attend church. About 26% of people surveyed in 2010 attended church once a month or less. About 16% of people surveyed in 2010 attend church about once a year. About 54% of people surveyed in 2010 attended church once a year or less.

Back

About 54% of people surveyed in 2010 attended church once a year or less.

Answer explanation

The data indicate that 10.3% of people surveyed attend church once a year or less and 43.5% attend church rarely or never, which adds up to about 54%.

Front

Which of the following is the best conclusion a polling group might draw from the results of the two polls? Including loaded phrases such as “military strength” in questions skews the results of the poll., Asking the same question twice biases respondents, encouraging them to change their position., Using an agree-or-disagree format encourages respondents to agree with the position., A majority of Americans support using military force to ensure peace.

Back

Using an agree-or-disagree format encourages respondents to agree with the position.

Front

The Congressional Leadership Fund, a PAC, has raised over $50 million dollars, which it plans to spend on advertising in the next midterm election. It plans to target its spending in competitive districts in the days leading up to Election Day. Which court case decision is most likely to protect the right of the group in the scenario?

Back

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

Answer explanation

This landmark case allowed unlimited political spending by PACs that are not directly

connected to a candidate's campaign.