Unit 2 Cognitive

Front

What is the cocktail party effect?

Back

The cocktail party effect is the ability to focus on a single conversation in a noisy environment, allowing individuals to filter out background noise.

Front

What is perceptual set?

Back

Perceptual set is a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another, influenced by expectations, experiences, and context.

Front

Define schema in psychology.

Back

A schema is a cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information, guiding perception and problem-solving.

Front

What does the figure-ground principle refer to in Gestalt psychology?

Back

The figure-ground principle refers to the ability to distinguish an object (figure) from its background (ground), allowing for clearer perception.

Front

What is the role of the cerebellum in memory?

Back

The cerebellum is involved in the formation of implicit memories, which are memories that are not consciously recalled.

Front

Explain change blindness.

Back

Change blindness is a psychological phenomenon where a change in a visual stimulus goes unnoticed by the observer.

Front

What is top-down processing?

Back

Top-down processing is a cognitive process that starts with the brain and uses prior knowledge and experiences to interpret sensory information.

Front

Define bottom-up processing.

Back

Bottom-up processing is a cognitive process that begins with sensory input, building up to a final perception without prior knowledge.

Front

What is sensory adaptation?

Back

Sensory adaptation is the process by which our sensitivity to unchanging stimuli decreases over time.

Front

What is cognitive dissonance?

Back

Cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort experienced when holding two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or ideas.