Front

What are the phases of the cell cycle in order?

Back

G1 - growth, S - DNA replication, G2 - prepare to divide, M - division.

Front

What occurs during anaphase?

Back

Sister chromatids are separated and kinetochores begin pulling chromosomes to opposite poles.

Front

What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

Back

To ensure genetic material is properly transferred to daughter cells.

Front

What is the role of secondary messengers in cell signaling?

Back

They amplify the signal from a receptor to elicit a cellular response.

Front

What happens if a medicine blocks a secondary messenger?

Back

It would inhibit transduction, thus deactivating the response.

Front

What are protein phosphatases?

Back

Enzymes that remove phosphate groups from proteins, regulating their activity.

Front

What would be the consequence of defective protein phosphatases?

Back

Cancerous cells would grow uncontrollably because the cell cycle cannot shut down.

Front

What is the function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

Back

Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication.

Front

What is the significance of the S phase?

Back

DNA replication occurs, resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes.

Front

What occurs during the G2 phase?

Back

Preparation for mitosis, including DNA repair and synthesis of proteins needed for division.