Periodic Trends

Front

What is the atomic radius?

Back

The atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost shell of electrons. It generally increases down a group and decreases across a period.

Front

Which element has the largest atomic radius in Period 4?

Back

Potassium (K) has the largest atomic radius in Period 4.

Front

What is ionization energy?

Back

Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state.

Front

Which element has a lower ionization energy than Scandium (Sc)?

Back

Calcium (Ca) has a lower ionization energy than Scandium (Sc).

Front

What is a cation?

Back

A cation is a positively charged ion that forms when an atom loses one or more electrons.

Front

What is an anion?

Back

An anion is a negatively charged ion that forms when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Front

How does atomic radius change across a period?

Back

Atomic radius decreases across a period from left to right due to increasing nuclear charge, which pulls electrons closer to the nucleus.

Front

How does atomic radius change down a group?

Back

Atomic radius increases down a group because additional electron shells are added, increasing the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.

Front

What is the trend of ionization energy across a period?

Back

Ionization energy generally increases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.

Front

What is the trend of ionization energy down a group?

Back

Ionization energy generally decreases down a group due to increased distance of the outermost electrons from the nucleus and increased electron shielding.