Front

What is the Adequate Intake (AI) in dietary reference intake?

Back

AI is used when there is no set Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for a particular nutrient due to lack of scientific literature.

Front

What is segmentation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

Back

Segmentation involves back and forth contractions that break apart the food mass in the GI tract.

Front

What happens to pyruvate when oxygen is present and ATP is needed?

Back

Pyruvate enters the mitochondria to be converted to acetyl-CoA and enter the TCA cycle.

Front

What does a carbohydrate-deficient diet force the liver to do?

Back

It forces the liver to produce glucose from amino acids.

Front

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

Back

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.

Front

What is the function of the TCA cycle?

Back

The TCA cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a key metabolic pathway that produces energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.

Front

What is the role of peristalsis in the GI tract?

Back

Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contractions that move food along the GI tract.

Front

Define the term 'tolerable upper intake levels (UL)'.

Back

UL is the maximum daily intake of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects.

Front

What is gluconeogenesis?

Back

Gluconeogenesis is the metabolic process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

Front

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

Back

Aerobic metabolism requires oxygen and produces more ATP, while anaerobic metabolism occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP.