Which of the following best describes the Control Unit (CU) of a CPU?

The Control Unit (CU) directs the flow of instructions and data within the CPU. (управляет потоком инструкций и данных в центральном процессоре).

What is the primary goal when designing a high-performance computer system?

The primary goal is to maximize processing speed and efficiency while minimizing latency.

Which of the following is a key factor in achieving high performance in a computer system?

Factors: parallelism, clock speed, and memory access.

What is the purpose of cache memory in high-performance computer systems?

Cache memory reduces access times for frequently used data in high-performance systems.

Which of the following is an example of a performance-enhancing feature found in modern high-performance processors?

An example is out-of-order execution to improve CPU efficiency.

How does pipelining improve the performance of a computer processor?

Pipelining improves performance by overlapping the execution of multiple instructions.

In high-performance computing, what is the role of a system bus?

The system bus facilitates communication between components in the system.

Which of the following operations are typically performed in floating-point hardware?

Some floating-point hardware only supports the simplest operations: addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Some FPUs can also perform various transcendental functions such as exponential or trigonometric calculations, but the accuracy can be low, so some systems prefer to compute these functions in software.

Which of the following best describes the concept of "precision" in floating-point hardware design?

Precision refers to the number of significant digits that can be represented accurately. (Точность относится к количеству значащих цифр, которые могут быть представлены точно).

What is the primary advantage of data flow architecture over traditional control flow architectures?

The primary advantage of data flow architecture is increased parallelism and efficiency.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of data flow architecture?

The complexity of hardware design and data dependency management.

In Von Neumann architecture, where are instructions and data stored?

1. In Von Neumann architecture, instructions and data are stored in a shared memory.

What is the main impact of the shared memory structure in Von Neumann architecture?

The shared memory structure can cause bottlenecks due to limited access bandwidth. Due to bottleneck, proccessor can proccess only data or only instruction at one time.

What is the primary goal of the DLX architecture?

The DLX architecture aims to simplify instruction set design for better performance.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the DLX processor's instruction set?

The DLX processor's instruction set is RISC-based and highly optimized.

In the DLX processor, what is the purpose of the 'load' and 'store' instructions?

Load and store instructions in the DLX processor move data between memory and registers.

Which of the following is NOT part of the DLX processor's instruction format?

Categories of Instruction Set Architecture: Arithmetic Logic, Load/Store, Control Flow. The Instruction Format: R-Type, I-Type, J-Type. Ответ: то, чего нет в перечисленном.

What does the DLX architecture primarily focus on to improve performance?

The DLX architecture focuses on simplicity and efficiency to improve performance.

What does the term "8-bit microcontroller" refer to in AVR?

An "8-bit microcontroller" refers to an AVR microcontroller with an 8-bit data bus.

Which memory type in AVR microcontrollers is non-volatile and suitable for long-term storage?

Flash memory in AVR microcontrollers is non-volatile and used for long-term storage.

What happens when an interrupt is triggered in an AVR microcontroller?

When an interrupt is triggered, the microcontroller temporarily stops the main program to execute the interrupt service routine.

What happens if an incorrect binary ASCII code is entered for a character?

If an incorrect binary ASCII code is entered for a character, it may result in an undefined or unexpected character being displayed or an error in processing. (может привести к отображению неопределенного или неожиданного символа или к ошибке в обработке).

What is the function of the OCR0 register in AVR PWM generation?

Sets the duty cycle for PWM signal generation in AVR.

Which AVR timer is used for simple PWM signal generation?

Timer 0 in AVR is commonly used for simple PWM signal generation.

What is the duty cycle in a PWM signal?

1. the percentage of time a PWM signal remains active in one cycle.

Which component is essential for displaying "SOS" on the seven-segment display?

1. То что использовали в 4 лабораторной работе: 7-segment display, microcontroller atmega2561, buttons and resistors.

What is the function of the L293 IC in DC motor control?

Controls the direction and speed of DC Motor.

In the provided truth table, what does "1 0" represent for motor movement?

"1 0" in the truth table typically represents forward motor movement.

How does Adding of two ALUs will increase compute capability?

Adding two Arithmetic Logic Units (ALUs) to a processor increases compute capability by allowing the execution of multiple arithmetic or logical operations simultaneously.

What is the concept of Superscalar Design?

Superscalar design is an advanced microprocessor architecture where multiple instructions are fetched, decoded, and executed simultaneously during each clock cycle. Superscalar architectures use multiple execution units, such as ALUs, FPUs, and load/store units, to handle several instructions in parallel. This design relies on instruction-level parallelism (ILP) and optimizations like dynamic scheduling, instruction reordering, and register renaming to efficiently execute independent instructions.

What are the advantages of Superscalar Design?

Improved processor performance and efficiency. They also support advanced features like out-of-order execution and pipelining, further boosting processing power.

Discuss the Data Dependencies in Superscalar Design and how do we solve it?

In superscalar design, data dependencies occur when instructions rely on the results of previous instructions. There are three primary types of data dependencies: data hazards (read-after-write), anti-dependencies (write-after-read), and output dependencies (write-after-write). To address these issues, techniques like out-of-order execution, register renaming, and data forwarding are employed.

What do you understand by Control Flow Architecture?

Control Flow Architecture refers to a computing model where the execution of instructions follows a sequential, linear order determined by the program counter (PC) and control flow constructs like loops, branches, and function calls. This traditional model relies on instruction pointers to direct the processor to the next operation, making it predictable but potentially inefficient for complex operations.

Why Exponent is biased in Floating Point Hardware Design and what does Biased mean in Floating Point?

In floating-point hardware design, the exponent is biased to represent both positive and negative exponents while avoiding negative binary values, which simplifies comparisons. For instance, in IEEE 754 single precision, the exponent has a bias of 127.

What is Normalization in floating Point Number?

Normalization in floating-point numbers ensures the number is represented in a standard format, maximizing precision. It adjusts the number so the leading digit in the mantissa (or significand) is non-zero, typically aligning the form to "1.xxxxx."

How do we convert Decimal number to IEEE Single Precision Format?

To convert a decimal to IEEE single precision, first convert the decimal to binary. Then normalize it to a form like "1.xxxxxx," adjusting the exponent. Encode the sign bit, biased exponent, and mantissa. Finally, assemble the 32-bit IEEE format by placing the sign bit, biased exponent, and mantissa together.

Explain in detail the Steps of Adding Floating Point IEEE Numbers?

Adding IEEE floating-point numbers involves aligning the exponents by shifting the smaller exponent’s mantissa, performing binary addition on the aligned mantissas, normalizing the result to fit the IEEE format, and rounding if needed. Adjustments to the exponent and mantissa may follow to maintain proper precision.

Discuss 4 Steps of Floating Point Multiplication?

Floating-point multiplication involves four steps: (1) Adding the exponents and subtracting the bias, (2) multiplying the mantissas, (3) normalizing the result to ensure it fits within standard form, and (4) rounding to maintain precision in the IEEE format.

Architecture Flashcards + WS questions Flashcards

Student preview

78 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the main function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)?

Back

To execute instructions and process data.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which component of the CPU is responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations?

Back

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What does the clock speed of a CPU determine?

Back

How many instructions it can execute per second.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the purpose of the cache memory in a CPU?

Back

Stores frequently accessed data to reduce latency and improve processing speed.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What does the term "multi-core processor" refer to?

Back

A multi-core processor refers to a CPU with multiple independent processing units (cores).

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is "Hyper-Threading" technology used for in a CPU?

Back

Hyper-Threading allows a CPU to execute multiple threads simultaneously for better multitasking.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which of the following is a key difference between a 32-bit and 64-bit CPU?

Back

A 64-bit CPU can process more data and access more memory compared to a 32-bit CPU.

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