Florida Biology EOC Review DNA,RNA , Protein Synthesis

Front

What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

Front

What is RNA?

Back

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins by carrying the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Front

What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?

Back

The four nitrogen bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

Which nitrogen base is not found in DNA?

Back

Uracil is not found in DNA; it is found in RNA.

Front

What is a point mutation?

Back

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation is a type of point mutation where one nucleotide base is replaced by another.

Front

What is a translocation mutation?

Back

A translocation mutation occurs when a segment of one chromosome is transferred to a non-homologous chromosome.

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process of converting mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein) at the ribosome.

Front

What type of bond joins nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds join nitrogenous bases in DNA.

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.