Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus and involves the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process of converting the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule into a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. It occurs in the ribosome.

Front

What is mRNA?

Back

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in RNA?

Back

In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What amino acid does the codon AUG code for?

Back

AUG codes for the amino acid Methionine, which is also the start codon for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Back

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis. It helps to catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

Front

What is the purpose of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for Methionine, marking the starting point for protein synthesis.

Front

What is a stop codon?

Back

A stop codon is a nucleotide triplet within mRNA that signals the termination of translation, indicating that the protein synthesis is complete.