AP Stats Semester Review

Front

What is the standard deviation?

Back

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

Front

How do you estimate the standard deviation from a distribution?

Back

By analyzing the spread of data points around the mean; a smaller spread indicates a smaller standard deviation.

Front

What does it mean if a distribution is approximately normally distributed?

Back

The data follows a bell-shaped curve, where most values cluster around the mean.

Front

How do you compare scores from different distributions?

Back

Use z-scores to standardize scores, allowing for comparison across different means and standard deviations.

Front

What is a boxplot?

Back

A graphical representation of data that shows the median, quartiles, and potential outliers.

Front

What can be inferred from boxplots comparing two data sets?

Back

You can compare medians, ranges, and identify potential outliers.

Front

What is a controlled experiment?

Back

An experiment where all variables are kept constant except for the one being tested, allowing for clear cause-and-effect conclusions.

Front

What is the difference between observational studies and controlled experiments?

Back

Observational studies observe subjects without manipulation, while controlled experiments involve manipulation of variables.

Front

What is the median?

Back

The middle value in a data set when arranged in ascending order.

Front

What does range measure in a data set?

Back

The difference between the highest and lowest values.