AP Unit 2: Cells

Front

What type of substances can easily pass through the cell membrane?

Back

Small, hydrophobic substances can easily pass through the cell membrane due to their nonpolar nature.

Front

What happens to glucose and water in dialysis tubing filled with glucose and starch when placed in water?

Back

Water will enter the dialysis tubing while glucose will leave, as glucose can pass through the membrane and water moves to balance concentrations.

Front

How does a carrier protein return to its original position after transporting ions?

Back

The phosphate group will detach from the carrier protein, causing a conformational change that returns it to its original position.

Front

What is the process called when larger molecules are engulfed by a cell?

Back

Phagocytosis is the process of active transport where larger molecules are engulfed by the cell.

Front

What organelle is a key difference between plant and animal cells?

Back

The central vacuole is a main difference, as it is typically found in plant cells and is involved in storage and maintaining turgor pressure.

Front

Define passive transport.

Back

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically along a concentration gradient.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What role do carrier proteins play in facilitated diffusion?

Back

Carrier proteins assist in the transport of substances across the cell membrane by changing shape to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Front

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

Back

Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy.

Front

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Back

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.