Fall Semester Review

Front

What is a capsid?

Back

A protein coat that surrounds a virus, providing protection and aiding in the infection of host cells.

Front

What is the function of a carrier or transport protein?

Back

To facilitate the movement of substances across a cell membrane, often against their concentration gradient.

Front

What is the role of chloroplasts in a cell?

Back

Chloroplasts convert solar energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.

Front

What is a hypertonic solution?

Back

A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing cells to lose water.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy.

Front

What is passive transport?

Back

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are organelles that break down glucose and produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Front

What is a phospholipid?

Back

A type of lipid molecule that is a major component of cell membranes, consisting of a hydrophilic 'head' and two hydrophobic 'tails'.

Front

What is the difference between isotonic and hypertonic solutions?

Back

Isotonic solutions have equal concentrations of solutes, while hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution.