Unit 3

Front

What is the process of transcribing DNA to mRNA?

Back

Transcription is the process where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA. For example, the DNA sequence GCTATA is transcribed to mRNA as CGAUAU.

Front

What are mutations in genetics?

Back

Mutations are errors or changes in the genetic code that can affect the function of genes.

Front

What determines the information in a DNA molecule?

Back

The information in a DNA molecule is determined by the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases.

Front

What type of gene mutation is an insertion frameshift?

Back

An insertion frameshift mutation occurs when extra bases are added to the DNA sequence, altering the reading frame.

Front

What is deletion in genetics?

Back

Deletion is a type of mutation where a section of DNA is lost or removed.

Front

What is the role of nitrogen bases in DNA?

Back

Nitrogen bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) pair together to form the rungs of the DNA ladder, encoding genetic information.

Front

What is the difference between substitution and insertion mutations?

Back

Substitution mutations replace one base with another, while insertion mutations add an extra base into the sequence.

Front

How does a frameshift mutation affect protein synthesis?

Back

A frameshift mutation alters the reading frame of the genetic code, potentially leading to a completely different and nonfunctional protein.

Front

What is the significance of the sequence of nitrogen bases?

Back

The sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA determines the specific instructions for building proteins, which are essential for cellular functions.

Front

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA serves as a template for translating the genetic code into a sequence of amino acids, forming proteins.