Benchmark Biology EOC - Practice Exam

Front

What is a cladogram?

Back

A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

Back

Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances along their concentration gradient.

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How do oil spills affect marine ecosystems?

Back

Oil spills can disrupt food webs by harming organisms at the top of the food chain, such as sea otters and seabirds, which can lead to population imbalances in other species.

Front

What is a Punnett square?

Back

A Punnett square is a grid used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross based on the alleles of the parents.

Front

What is incomplete dominance in genetics?

Back

Incomplete dominance is a genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, resulting in a phenotype that is a blend of the two.

Front

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy carrier in cells, providing the energy needed for various biological processes.

Front

What is the significance of the sea otter in marine ecosystems?

Back

Sea otters are a keystone species; their predation on sea urchins helps maintain kelp forest ecosystems by preventing overgrazing.

Front

What is the principle of natural selection?

Back

Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Front

What is codominance in genetics?

Back

Codominance is a genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.

Front

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Back

The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.