Fall Final Exam - The Basics

Front

What is a function of proteins?

Back

Proteins serve various functions including acting as enzymes to speed up chemical reactions, transporting molecules across cell membranes, and building muscle. However, they do NOT primarily provide energy.

Front

Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?

Back

Proteins are made in the ribosomes.

Front

What phase of cell division is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?

Back

The phase is called Telophase.

Front

What type of solution causes a cell to swell due to water intake?

Back

A cell is in a Hypotonic solution.

Front

What molecule carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic code to the ribosome.

Front

Define enzymes.

Back

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs.

Front

What is the difference between hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions?

Back

Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes than the cell, causing it to shrink. Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solutes, causing the cell to swell. Isotonic solutions have equal concentrations, resulting in no net movement of water.

Front

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA serves as a template that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What happens during Telophase?

Back

During Telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell and begin to de-condense, and the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes.