What is DNA replication?
Biology Flashcard: Replication, Transcription, Translation, and Mutation

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Biology
•
9th - 12th Grade
•
Hard
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1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Back
The process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before cell division.
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is transcription in biology?
Back
The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which carries the genetic information to the ribosome.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?
Back
The process where ribosomes read mRNA and use tRNA to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain, forming a protein.
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a mutation?
Back
A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
How do mutations affect an organism's phenotype?
Back
Mutations can result in changes to an organism's phenotype, which is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What role does mRNA play in translation?
Back
mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the significance of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Back
Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that read mRNA and facilitate the assembly of amino acids into proteins.
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