The 12 Theory of Knowledge (ToK) Concepts

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Role of evidence in evaluating knowledge claims

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In TOK, we consider how different disciplines use evidence to evaluate knowledge claims. For example, detectives use forensic evidence, and economists use statistical data.

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Approach to certainty in different disciplines

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TOK explores how different areas of knowledge approach certainty and its limitations. Scientists use experiments, while religious beliefs may provide certainty without scientific evidence.

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Concept of truth in TOK

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TOK examines how truth is approached and its limitations. Scientists seek truth through evidence, while historians use primary sources to uncover historical truths.

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Role of interpretation in understanding the world

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In TOK, interpretation shapes understanding. Art historians consider cultural context, while literary critics analyze themes and symbols.

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Justification in knowledge construction

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TOK considers how justification supports knowledge. Politicians justify policies with evidence, and students justify exam answers with course material.

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Approach to explanation in TOK

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TOK reflects on explanation limitations. Scientists explain biological processes, while philosophers explain concepts like free will.

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Objectivity in evaluating knowledge claims

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TOK evaluates objectivity's role. Journalists aim for unbiased reporting, and scientists conduct experiments to minimize biases.

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Role of perspective in understanding the world

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TOK considers multiple perspectives. Historians study different viewpoints, and cultural backgrounds influence perspectives on concepts like family.

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Culture's influence on knowledge

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TOK examines cultural impact on knowledge. Family dynamics and gender roles vary across cultures, affecting interpretation and meaning.

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Values in TOK essays

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TOK essays incorporate IB values. Equality may drive support for income-reducing policies, and honesty is prioritized in relationships.