Replication and Translation (M)

Front

What is the process of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?

Back

In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Front

What is transcription in the context of genetics?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which carries the genetic information to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) serves as a template for translating genetic information into proteins by carrying the code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

Back

A codon is made up of 3 nucleotides.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs; they read the mRNA sequence and facilitate the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar. Additionally, RNA has uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching its anticodon with the corresponding codon on the mRNA.